The Anti-Semitic Dark Side of Martin Luther

The Anti-Semitic Dark Side of Martin Luther Without a doubt, Martin Luther is one of the most influential personas in European history. As a reformer, he played huge parts in creating the Protestant Christian Church. In translating the Bible from Latin into German, he created the foundations of the High German that is spoken in the country today. He singlehandedly made a mess out of Europe that resulted in the divide of Western Christendom leading to Luther being labeled The Great Divider. The aforementioned divide was followed by long and cruel struggles. Dukes and Kings soon had to choose whether they and their subjects would be Catholics or Protestants. These struggles finally led into the Thirty Years War. Many historians find, that Luther is to blame to some extent for a lot of pain and suffering. Martin Luthers Surprising Anti-Semitism From what we know about Martin Luther, we can tell, that he was very uncompromising and somewhat stubborn. The former monk had strong opinions on many issues and just as his views on scholarly matters, he felt urged to express them. He felt no remorse attacking his enemies and adversaries or those he deemed to belong to that category. What might come as a surprise to some, is that this category also included the followers of another major religion: the Jewish people.​​ A Hate Speech Book In 1543, Martin Luther wrote a short book called â€Å"On the Jews and their Lies†. It seems that Luther had hoped for the Jewish people to convert to Protestantism and as that didn’t happen, he was deeply disappointed. In the centuries after Luther’s death, it had no special place among his literary works or underwent particular treatment. It became quite popular in the Third Reich and was even used to justify the discrimination of Jewish people. Was Hitler a Fan? Adolf Hitler  was a declared fan of Luther and his views on the Jews. Extracts of the book were even quoted  in the propaganda movie â€Å"Jud Sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Ã¢â‚¬  by Veit Harlan. After 1945, the book was not reprinted in Germany until 2016. The recently published edition, which was translated into modern German, proves that the reformer basically demanded the same fate for Jews that the Nazis did, with the exception of a systemic annihilation (maybe, because he could simply not fathom such a thing in the 16th  century). In earlier years, Martin Luther expressed different feelings for Jewish people, probably connected to his high hopes of them converting to Protestantism. Unsettling Views Unfortunately, the views in Luthers book reads like a manual for the National Socialist  German Workers Party  (Nazi Party). Excerpts from his works are  as follows: â€Å"(†¦) set fire to their synagogues or schools and to bury and cover with dirt whatever will not burn, so that no man will ever again see a stone or cinder of them.â€Å" But in his wrath, he not only turned against their synagogues. â€Å"I advise that their houses also be razed and destroyed. For they pursue in them the same aims as in their synagogues. Instead they might be lodged under a roof or in a barn, like the gypsies.â€Å" He propagated to take the Talmud from them and to forbid the rabbis to teach, and he wanted to prohibit Jews from traveling on the highways. â€Å"(†¦) and that all cash and treasure of silver and gold be taken from them and put aside for safekeeping.â€Å" Finally, Luther further wanted to force young Jews into manual labor.   Though â€Å"On the Jews and their Lies† is his most infamous work on Jewish people, Luther published two more texts on the matter. In the book â€Å"Vom Schem Hamphoras (Of the Unknowable Name and the Generations of Christ) he put the Jews on the same level as the devil. And in a sermon, released as â€Å"Warning Against the Jews† he stated that Jewish people should be expelled from German territories if they refused to convert to Christianity.

Quotes from Emperor Justinian I

Quotes from Emperor Justinian I The emperor Justinian I was a formidable leader in 6th-century Byzantium. Among his many achievements is a legal code that would influence medieval law for generations. Here are some quotes from The Code of Justinian, and some that have been attributed to him. The Code of Justinian Those things which seem to many former Emperors to require correction, but which none of them ventured to carry into effect, We have decided to accomplish at the present time with the assistance of Almighty God; and to diminish litigation by the revision of the multitude of constitutions which are contained in the Three Codes; namely, the Gregorian, the Hermogenian, and the Theodosian, as well as in those other Codes promulgated after them by Theodosius of Divine Memory, and by other Emperors, who succeeded him, in addition to those which We Ourselves have promulgated, and to combine them in a single Code, under Our auspicious name, in which compilation should be included not only the constitutions of the three above-mentioned Codes, but also such new ones as subsequently have been promulgated. - The First Preface The maintenance of the integrity of the government depends upon two things, namely, the force of arms and the observance of the laws: and, for this reason, the fortunate race of the Romans obtained power and precedence over all other nations in former times, and will do so forever, if God should be propitious; since each of these has ever required the aid of the other, for, as military affairs are rendered secure by the laws, so also are the laws preserved by force of arms. - The Second Preface For true and pious reasons, We direct that no one shall be permitted to remove from the holy churches persons who take refuge there, with the understanding that if anyone attempts to violate this law, he shall be considered guilty of the crime of treason. - TITLE XII If (as you allege), you, a minor of twenty years of age, have manumitted your slave, although you may have been fraudulently persuaded to do so, still, the imposition of the rod by which freedom is lawfully bestowed cannot be rescinded under the pretext of defect of age; the manumitted slave, however, must indemnify you, and this should be provided for by the magistrate having jurisdiction of the case to the extent that the law permits. - TITLE XXXI It was in your husbands power, in a fit of anger, to change the provisions which he had made in his will with reference to his slaves, namely, that one of them should remain in perpetual servitude, and that the other should be sold in order to be taken away. Hence, if afterwards, his clemency should mitigate his anger (which, although it may not be proved by documentary evidence, still, nothing prevents its being established by other testimony, especially when the subsequent meritorious conduct of the said slave is such that the wrath of the master has been appeased), the arbitrator in the action in partition should comply with the last wishes of the deceased. - TITLE XXXVI It is customary to come to the relief of persons who have attained their majority, where divisions of property have been made through fraud or deceit, or unjustly, and not as the result of a decision in court, because in bona fide contracts whatever is established to have been done unjustly shall be corrected. - TITLE XXXVIII Justice is the constant and perpetual wish to render to every one his due. - Institutiones, Book I Quotes That Have Been Attributed to Justinian Frugality is the mother of all virtues. Glory to God who has thought me worthy  to finish this work.  Solomon,  I have outdone you. Keep cool and you will command everyone. Rather let the crime of the guilty go unpunished than condemn the innocent. Safety of the state is the highest law. The things which are common to all (and not capable of being owned)  are:  the air, running water, the sea and the seashores.

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

English Literature - Essay Example It is plausible to assert that the main characters’ motivation for viewing in another entity, possibly the best or desired versions of themselves is a consequence of their unremarkable and rather ordinary lives which perhaps do not offer a sense of fulfillment or satisfaction thereby, leaving behind a yearning and longing for wanting more. Accordingly, it is evident that the characters’ psyche is characterized by the presence of doubt, uncertainty and a yet again that sense of discontentedness which is prompted by the onset of anxiety which translates into the emergence of psychological splits. Regardless of the protagonists’ intentions behind their alternative portrayals of the self and their respective identities it can be established that the existence of split identities for a single individual in this case The Narrator and Afonso is also fundamental to the boosting of their self-worth, for perhaps all their lives have been marked by inadequacy and unrequited personal and professional relationships where their mothers, fathers, girlfriends and bosses have been absent in the association or never thought too highly of the protagonists’ or their capabilities to maintain the relationship and let it thrive. However, the question arises that whose approval is more significant for maintaining and advancing the characters’ sense of self-worth? What binds the members of the fictional Fight Club in Palahniuk’s work is a sense of resentment, dissatisfaction and rage which is channeled negatively through activities of vandalism and destruction. However, these are only the personal traits and characteristics that are comparable between each and every member of the alliance. Another aspect of the main characters’ early life which is similar and therefore, reinforces the notion of The Narrator and Tyler Durden – the co-founder of Fight Club being the same person is that of their mutually shared contempt for their fathers. The

Meaning of my quote (please look in the details box for the quote) Essay

Meaning of my quote (please look in the details box for the quote) - Essay Example I think that the connection between a leader and the followers is based on the spiritual foundations. The leader sends messages to the followers verbally. This is the most identifiable and easily recognizable form of communication and interaction between the leader and the followers. However, there is something more to it that just the followers can feel and is not overtly visible to the outsiders i.e. the emotional connection. Whatever a leader says or does leaves an impression on the followers. The followers are best in the position to comply with the instructions of the leader when they know what the basis of the demand from the leader to behave or act in a certain way or do certain things is. In order for an individual to be effective as a leader, it is imperative that he/she first earns the trust and confidence of the followers. The leader accomplishes this by assuring the followers that if they comply with the instructions of the leader and do as he/she asks them to, he would lead them to the results they want. Followers only abide by the leader’s instructions when they see their personal benefit in doing this. The personal benefits of followers vary depending upon what are the conditions or context in which they are following the leader. In an organizational setup, subordinates follow the instructions of the management because their wages are decided and performance is evaluated according to their compliance. In the context of a country, people pay taxes to the government because they are confident that this money would be used to provide them with more benefits. My quote emphasizes upon one main objective of leadership i.e. inspiring the followers. There are many ways in which a leader can inspire the followers. Different leaders have different strengths using which they inspire the followers. For example, certain leaders have good vocal skills and inspire the followers through their motivational speeches. Likewise, there are certain leaders

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay Example for Free

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay There is no single definition or explanation of a disaster, as a matter of fact in this modern age of science and technology one could predict the time and place and estimate the damage when a disaster would hit a certain area however only an estimate could be made about the outcome of the dreadful event still all the disasters could not be forecasted. This prediction also has difference in opinion when it comes to interpret the disaster; economists may measure it by calculating the loss of assets, health workers might talk of diseases that might spread after the event, political view might be setting institutions to deal with the event and social view might involve the effects on the society. Pakistan has been at risk to many natural and manmade disasters in the past. History states various events when cyclones, flooding, drought, landslides and earth quakes have hit the country. The country is also believed to be one of the most flood prone terrains in South Asia. The floods of 1950, 1992 and 1998 and 2011 have taken various lives and made severe damage to property and assets. Pakistan is also located at seismically active zone making the area vulnerable to extreme consequences. This vulnerability was proven on October 2005 when an earthquake measuring 7. 6 on the rector scale had hit 9 districts in Kheyber Pakhtunkhuwa and Azad Jammu Kashmir killing over 72,000 people and destroying over 4,00,000 houses. Pakistan being an agriculture based country also has fear of droughts. The droughts of 2002 had cost an estimated amount of 2. 5 billion $. Pakistan does not have a lot of reported cyclone hit incidents to stat yet till now roughly fourteen cyclones have been recorded since 1971-2012 which also had damages in a notable amount. When a disaster strikes some area it does not spare any in its way but the most prone and effected people are the ones who belong to small communities. Their segregation and exclusion in to small communities might be due to the false and holistic systems present in our social circles bases on ethnic, religious or class based values in the current society. Further on these segregated segments are marked as poor or minorities. However these small communities are most vulnerable when a disaster strikes. The level of their vulnerability increases in the post disaster scenario. There are many factors behind the vulnerability which have horrific outcomes for these small communities as a result. I would like to discuss on a few factors which in my view point are the important factors and causes of the increased vulnerability of these small communities. Poverty is one of the most fundamental causes which results in increased level of vulnerability of small communities. Their lack of access to resources leads to the lack of capacity in dealing with a disaster. An estimate made in 2005 states that around 22. 6% of the total population lives under the poverty line in the country, further on 40% of the total urban population lives in slums. The economic situation in the country is not very stable and due to this inflation is widespread in the country leading to income volatility. In circumstances where poverty is present in the society at such a high scale, it gets difficult to make ends meet, fighting against a disaster is a question that does not even comes in to the context. Poor construction practices also result in the increase in the vulnerability of the small communities. Due to poverty still in many villages people build their houses out of mud. This is not a strong structure. At the time of a disastrous event such structures can prove not to be very resistant. Similarly in urban areas as mentioned above a large number of people live in slums which are again not a very resilient structure in case of disasters. There are no proper code and conducts devised by the government authorities to tackle with this issue. Such conditions increase the vulnerability of the small groups present in Pakistan. Weak early warning system is a problem present in many developing countries. Pakistan being a developing country also has this problem where due to the lack of resources and technology many disasters cannot be predicted on time. Due to this it gets hard to estimate the damage level and the intensity of the disaster beforehand. It also gets hard to make a relief plan or mitigation strategies to minimize the effects of the disaster. Remoteness and isolation is another factor which is caused by the cultural and social barriers due to which majority of the small communities are effected as they are segregated and isolated from the society. Remoteness can be taken in to two different means one is the social exclusion factor the other can be the nature of their inhabitant area which might geographically be landlocked by nature. In either ways their isolation can be a factor that can lead small communities in to a more vulnerable situation. Infrastructure can also play a role in increasing the vulnerability of small communities. If we take the area of Southern Punjab as in example the area consists of the rural side of the country and agriculture is their main source of employment, the place also has a history of floods related disasters in the past. Due to lack of proper roads etc it might get hard for people to evacuate even if the disaster as been predicted beforehand. The people from strong communities have means of transportation by which they can get to safety with ease on the other hand the poor and small communities don’t get a chance to evacuate from the danger zone. Awareness programs and education about strategies to counter disasters is a phenomenon which is not present in the current society. The floods of 2012 could be held in account as evidence of this acquisition as many of the rural poor were displaced as majority of their assets were destroyed and many lives lost. If people were given proper education about strategies to deal with the disaster as it was an area with high risk the amount of loss might have been reduced. Lack of community participation is also an important factor as due to exclusion, factions are produced in the society due to barriers they do not tend to interact with the weaker segments of the society. Their lack of communication and participation creates a divide and due to which the vulnerability is increased in the smaller communities at the time of crisis. Limited capacity and coordination between various governmental and nongovernmental agencies. This might occur due to the meager means of resistance available or mismanagement on behalf of the agencies. Corruption also has a role to play in this situation where the rights of the small communities are usurped by the larger or more power full factions of the society. This corruption could give rise to mistrust between the state and non state actors trying to fight against the disaster. As they don’t unite therefore their power is also diminished. Religious/Ethnic biases can also lead to disasters as small minorities are at stake. Due to quarrels and other means of violence threat to their assets and lives increases their vulnerability. Similarly in civil conflicts the small and less powerful communities are the ones which are at the high risk level due to their openness to danger. Rapid Urbanization as societies become more and more modern day by day the process of urbanization also increases. In search of reaching to an industrial society as it brings more and more recourses to increase the level and quality of life it also brings along some negative aspects out of which greed is most prominent. Today man has become so greedy that it does not care that what effects his voyage to success might have on others. Rapid Industrialization is also having its negative effects on the environment which will eventually lead to severe consequences as global warming. At the same time rapid urbanization means the extinction of forests and other natural resources. As majority of the small communities cannot afford to live at the core hence the are pushed to the outer circle of the area where there might be a non availability of basic necessities of lives leading to various epidemics for example due to lack of sanitation facilities or making them live in to disaster prone areas due to deforestation leading to earth quakes, landslides and floods. To conclude I would state that the above mentioned factors are some of many which evolve in our social system. What so ever is the cause of the disaster event either it is manmade, natural in nature it is the small communities which are affected the most. Social, political, armed conflicts, hazards all in total increase the vulnerability of small communities. Steps are to be taken in to account to eradicate this in justice from our society as this may lead to social unrest or may have even more bizarre outcomes on the community as a whole.

Who do you think is the hero of this novel Gatsby, or Nick Carraway? Es

Who do you think is the hero of this novel Gatsby, or Nick Carraway? Give full reasons for your choice I believe that "The Great Gatsby" is a book about a man, Gatsby that had an obsessive love over a woman, Daisy. It is about catching his "unattainable" vain dream and completing his goals. So in my opinion the main hero of the story is Gatsby and not Nick Carraway. However even if this novel is written about Gatsby, we should not underestimate the role of Nick. It is only through him that we get to meet Gatsby; he is the one who is making him "great" for us. Even though he is trying not to be a biased narrator, we like Gatsby when Nick likes him; we have a slight dislike for him when Nick dislikes him. Nick is more of a spectator than an actor in the story. He is just an observer that through him we get to know the other main characters of the novel. He remains apart from the romance of Daisy and Gatsby even though he is the one that brought them together. He is distanced from the other characters so he could be able to write objectively about them. This fact ...

What Is the Deep Web?

Andres Becerra Espinoza Ms. Mary Glenn English 10th Grade March, 21 2013 What is the Deep Web Surface Web and its Benefits There is a big influence of technology on our daily life. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal with everyday. The Internet, especially, is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely -â€Å"the†- medium of the future. (Markus Temmel, Martina Theuermann, Eva Ukowitz, and Tanja Vogrin 2001)The future is here, and we live it every day by waking up and grabbing the device that is nearest to us, looking at the screen and confirming that this will be a nice day. All of this is only possible because of the Internet. According to the Freesoft Encyclopedia this untouchable (maybe touchable with touchscreen devices) interactive multimedia library has made human life easier and faster for the last 18 years. It was created in 1969 by the Defense Department with the purpose of wartime digital communication. It was called the DARPA Internet Program.But the Internet as we know it now was reformed, modified,and commercialized in early 1990, and the World Wide Web (WWW) was introduced. (Brent Baccala, Kyle Hourihan, 2012) It takes about five seconds to find anything on the web. It is as easy as typing some label words, pressing the enter key, or -cliking the â€Å"search† button-, and a couple million options will appear on the screen. This process has become more simple over time and new microphone and voice recognition software enables disabled people to dictate to their Internet connected device, what is that they want to see, hear, or read.Introduction to the Deep Web But is the search engine showing all of the results available? This is a question that is rarely posed, but I found the answer, and it is: No. According to Luisiana State University, when you use a search engine like Google or Yahoo! , the information you get back is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Surface Web† or the â€Å"Visible Web. † However, there's a lot more information out there – There are millions of web pages that Google and Yahoo can't find. That's the Deep Web.For example, a Google search will not pick up all information in the Library of Congress web pages. To find those web pages you would have to go to the Library of Congress home page and perform a search there. So, why can't you find those pages with your Google search? ; Search engines like Google cannot fid Deep Web pages because they are within specialized databases. Typical search engines simply aren't allowed to access them. The Deep Web is made up of valuable material, like the information within the Library of Congress web pages. In January 2006, Marcus P.Zillman wrote -the Deep Web covers somewhere in the vicinity of 900 billion pages of information located through the World Wide Web in various files and formats that the current search engin es on the Internet either cannot find or have difficulty accessing. The current search engines find about 8 billion pages-. (Louisiana State University, 2008) The Deep Web (also called Deepnet, the invisible Web, DarkNet, Undernet or the hidden Web) refers to World Wide Web content that is not part of the Surface Web, which is indexed by standard search engines.Mike Bergman, credited with coining the phrase, has said that searching on the Internet today can be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the ocean: a great deal may be caught in the net, but there is a wealth of information that is deep and therefore missed. Most of the Web’s information is buried far down on dynamically generated sites, and standard search engines do not find it. Traditional search engines cannot â€Å"see† or retrieve content in the Deep Web – those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific search.The Deep Web is several orders of mag nitude larger than the surface So basically, the Deep Web is mainly made up of pieces of information that are not appearing in a typical Internet search because they are for private database use and are not open for the public eye. But that is not all, Deep Web also have content of its own, with servers that take advantage of the invisibility of this web pages compared to the surface web. In the Deep Web they find true freedom to post whatever they feel like posting without the restraints of any law. Deep Web ContentOffering anonymity and freedom, the Deep Web has transformed over the years into a deep, almost inhospitable, little-explored information repository that can host anything from the most innocent content to the most ruthless and unthinkable. Within the Deep Web are private intranets protected with passwords, as well as documents in formats that cannot be indexed, encyclopedias, dictionaries, and journals. (Pablo Albarracin, Christopher Holloway, 2012) But that is not all; Satnam Narang, Manager of Symantec Security Response, says that because the Deep Web is hidden from view, it is an especially attractive place for shady activities.Many cybercriminals gather in places like private forums with restricted access. Many users are already familiar with the Internet's dark side: how to download music illegally, where to see the latest movies for free, or how to order prescription drugs for a little extra money. But the Deep Web goes farther. Almost unimaginably farther. Child pornography, arms trafficking, drugs, hired assassins, prostitutes, and terrorism. all make the Deep Web the largest black market to ever exist. On the Deep Web you can find sites that sell stolen credit cards, teams that will clone credit cards through ATMs, people selling cocaine, and more,† says Dmitry Bestuzhev, director of Kaspersky Lab's team of analysts. Of course, not all uses of the Deep Web sites are â€Å"evil. † It has also been very helpful to citizens who find their personal liberties threatened, or who are being watched by government agencies. WikiLeaks is an example of one of the uses of the Deep Web. When it was first launched, and for a long time, before it became public, the WikiLeaks site operated in the Deep Web.Even today, if someone wants to blow the whistle or upload information to WikiLeaks, it is possible to publish it on the Deep Web. The diversity of things that can be found on the Deeo Web is illustated by its enormity. Michael K Bergman, an American academic and entrepreneur, is one of the foremost authorities on this other Internet. In the late nineties he undertook research to try to gauge its scale. â€Å"I remember saying to my staff, ‘It's probably two or three times bigger than the regular web,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ he remembers. â€Å"But the vastness of the deep web (†¦ ) completely took my breath away.We kept turning over rocks and discovering things. † In 2001 he published a paper on the Deep Web that is still regularly cited today. â€Å"The Deep Web is currently 400 to 550 times larger than the commonly defined world wide web,† he wrote. â€Å"The Deep Web is the fastest growing category of new information on the Internet †¦ The value of Deep Web content is immeasurable †¦ Internet searches are searching only 0. 03% †¦ of the [total web] pages available. † (Andy Beckett, 2009) The First Five Levels of the Deep Web Deep Web is also divided by sectors or levels in which content variates.Each level down represents a deeper type of information and is also harder to reach. In some cases, you need an invitation from someone who has permission or an account on a web page. This becomes constant since level 4. Level 1 Web – Surface Web; Reddit Webpage (social news website), Digg Webpage (social news website), Temp Email Services, Newgrounds (animations and games), Vampire Freaks (online community for the Gothic–industrial subculture), Fore ign Social Networks, Human Intel Tasks, Web Hosting, MYSQDL Databases College Campuses.Level 2, Web – Bergie Web; FTP Servers, Google Locked Results, Honeypots (traps set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems), Loaded Web Servers, Jailbait Pornography, Most of the Internet, 4chan (blogging webpage) , Freehive (weapon blog), Let Me Watch This (online free movie site), Streams Videos, Bunny Tube (pornography website).Level 3 Web – Deep Web; â€Å"On The Vanilla† Sources, Heavy Jailbait Pornography, Light Child Pornography, Gore, Celebrity Scandals, Gossiping Websites, Hackers, Virus Information, FOIE Archives, Suicides, Raid Information, Computer Security, XSS Worm Scripting, FTP Servers (Specific) , Mathematic Research, Supercomputing, Visual Processing, Virtual Reality (Specific) Tor Required After This Pont. Eliza Data Information, Hacking Groups FTP, Node Transfers, Data Analysis, Post Date Generat ion, Microsoft Data Secure Networks, Assembly Programmer's Guild, Shell Networking, AI Terrorisists, Cosmologists/MIT.Level 4 Web – Charter Web; Hard Candy (Child Pornography), Onion IB , Hiden Wiki, Candycane, Banned Videos, Banned Movies, Banned Books, Questionable Visual Material, Worldwide Personal Records, â€Å"Line od Blood† Locations, Assasination Box, Headhunters, Bounty Hunters, Illegal Games Hunters, Rare Animal Trade, Hard Drugs Trade, Human Trafficking, Corporate Exchange, Multi Billion Dollar Deals, Most of the Black Market†¦ Closed Shell System Required After This PontTesla Experiment Plans, Hardcore Rape Child Pornography, Necrophillia Child Pornography, Group Child Pornography, WWII Experiment Successes, Josef Mengele Successes, Location of Atlantis, Crystaline Power Metrics, Gandolium Gallium, Garnet Quantum Electronic Processors, Broder's Engine Plans, Paradigm Recalescence, Forward Derivatal Supercomputation, AI in a Box, CAIMEO (AI Superintell igence), The Law of 13's, Geometric Algorthymic Shortcuts, Assasination Networks, Nephilism ProtocolsLevel 5 Web – Marianas Web; Very Little People Know What Is Hidden Under This Level. Polymeric Falcigol Derivation and Quantum Computation knowledge is required to enter this level. Bitcoins, Deep Web Currency According to the Bitcoin official website, bitcoin is one of the first implementations of a concept called crypto-currency, which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list.Building upon the notion that money is any object, or any sort of record, accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given country or socio-economic context, Bitcoin is designed around the idea of using cryptography to control the creation and transfer of money, rather than relying on central authorities. (Bitcoin Project 2009–2012) Bitcoins fit perfectly on the Deep Web requirements. They ensure the users anonimity and are also a stable c urrency that has been out there for about fourteen years. Bitcoin Prize is not well stablished and variates violently.A bitcoin is equivalent to approximately 14 US Dollars. But it can go as high as 54 US Dollars. Deep Web And The Law According to Chloe Spencer, the Government is very aware of the existence of the ‘Deep Web’. However, due to the intricacy of its design, they seem to be struggling to tackle the large amount of crime concealed within the dark net. An anonymous administrator of Silk Road (online illegal drug store) released a statement last year regarding the FBI’s promise to crack down on the trading of illegal products online.It said: â€Å"We will be diverting even more effort into countering their attacks and making the site as resilient as possible, I’m sure this news will scare some off but, should we win the fight, a new era will be born. Even if we lose, the genie is out of the bottle and they are fighting a losing war already. † Conclusion Ever since the first time I heard about the Deep Web, I got deeply interested and started my research on the topic. I found out and downloaded the required software, double checked that my proxy settings were well configurated. And got into my first Deep Web onion website, which was the hidden wiki.There I found plenty of information that seemed interesting, and that site provided with links too. So the first thing I looked up for was leaked cellphone technology information. Everything about the Deep Web seem to be found, I read about the precautions that needed to be done, and followed as well as I could. But that was not enough. Some day I was wandering around some links, and reading random information, when this link appeared, I had my guard down. And the link redirected me to a hardcore gore site. Those images were horrid. Since then, I have never got into the Deep Web again.It is full of great things, but it is really not worth it. I think that if international go vernments looked after the people who upload and fill the Internet with all of that morbid information. Deep Web could be a more user-friendly experience. Deep Web is not a place for everyone to be, people need to know what they can end up finding, that is the reason I liked this topic for my research paper, I would not like any of my classmates to see what I saw. Thankfully it was not something as disgusting as child pornography. But I prefer keeping my restrictions by now

Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay

Our planet Earth is dying. This is a fact that we are experiencing, caused by our own behaviors. The term â€Å"dying’’ is true, because our lifestyle is causing serious damage to the environment and might lead to the termination of humanity if those actions are not stopped. We all share a role in protecting and preserving our environment because it is the primary and the only place for us to live and develop new generations. We all are consumers, but there is a huge difference between a wise consumer and an average consumer in terms of protecting the environment and homeland. As consumers, we always look for the lowest price without putting in mind the potential damage a product can cause to our environment. A perfect example is plastic bottles. We always buy plastic bottled products without knowing whether they are recyclable or not. In fact, it is estimated that 80% of plastic bottles are not being recycled (Greenupgrader.com). A nonrecyclable plastic bottle may last as long as 1000 years before it biodegrades completely (Answers.com). Another notable fact is that 1 ton of recycled plastic bottles would save more than 7.4 cubic yards of landfill (Earth911.com). If we all move to buying recyclable bottles and recycle them, we would save our environment from mountains of discarded bottles. Also, we may save our environment from tons of toxic vapors caused by burning plastic bottles. Controlling air pollution is another crucial factor in preserving our environment. In the past, people were not worried about the potential harm the environment is exposed to because of their acts; however, they became much concerned and alarmed nowadays after they sensed the symptoms of the global warming. We all know about global warming and its side effects. We also know that we are all accused of that problem because of our actions, but why don’t we stop it? If we all try to reduce main factors of air pollution; we would decrease the global warming, and how is very easy. Reducing the use of fossil fuels is an excellent example. Hybrid or fully electric cars can produce 25% to 90% less toxic emissions than an ordinary gas powered vehicle (carbon-monoxide-poisoning.com). This means if we buy hybrid or fully electric cars; then we would contribute to the environment by reducing tons of toxic emissions from fossil fuel powered vehicles. Those toxic emissions cause about 51% of Carbon Monoxide in the air; which is an extremely toxic gas and fatal in high concentrations (thegoodairlady.com). Another great example of reducing air pollution is sharing a ride when commuting to work or school. Sharing a ride or â€Å"carpooling† reduces the number of running vehicles on roads and thus reducing the toxic emissions from them. If 500 people use carpooling every working day, then we would contribute to the environment by reducing as much as 60% of the total carbon monoxide in the air. Controlling air pollution is extremely important; however, excessive water consumption is even much more important and essential to humanity and next generations. Water is becoming scarce in different parts of the world, and this is because we don’t know how vital water conservation is. It is estimated that over 1.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to safe and fresh water to drink (Matt Scott). Isn’t 1.5 billion an astonishing number? , and don’t you think it is time to reduce our consumption not only for us, but also for the next generations? There are many ways to conserve water. One good example is the use of low flow shower head. A low flow shower head may reduce about 15 gallons of water during an average 10 minute shower (environment.nationalgeographic.com). In addition, we all have to regularly check our house for water leaks. Undiscovered water leakage could waste as much as 15,000 gallons of water a year. Moreover, try to avoid filling the bathtub and instead use the overhead shower. Taking a bath wastes about 70 gallons of water, while a normal 10 minute shower wastes only 20 gallons. The difference may not be significant, but over a long period, it does matter. Finally, I think if the majority of us went to one of the mentioned solutions and acted mindfully, then we would save our precious environment from pollution, water scarcity, and many other serious environmental issues. Environment conservation starts with me, you and all occupants of planet earth, so let us start protecting our lives and have a brighter future for the next generations. Works Cited Gunzelmann, Doug. â€Å"Plastic Bottle Facts Make You Think Before You Drink† August 2008 www.greenupgrader.com/3258/plastic-bottle-facts-make-you-think-before-you- drink/ Gunner, John. â€Å"How Long a Plastic Bottle Last Before it Decompose† April 2010 www.wiki.answers.com/Q/How_long_for_plastic_water_bottle_to_decompose Earth 911 â€Å"Plastic Recycling Facts† June 2007 www.earth911.com/recycling/plastic/plastic-bottle-recycling-facts/ Carbon Monoxide Poisoning â€Å"A Guide to Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning† www.carbon-monoxide-poisoning.com/article5-hybrid-car-emissions.html Sage Blossom Consulting. ‘’Car Pollution Facts’’ August 2007. www.thegoodairlady.com/car_pollution_facts_000233.html/ Matt, Scott. â€Å"40 Shocking Facts About Water’’ June 2009. www.metadornetwork.com/change/40-shocking/facts-about-water/ National Geographic â€Å"Water Conservation Tips† www.environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-conservation- tips/

God Essays - Philosophical Movements, Philosophy Of Religion, God

God Essays - Philosophical Movements, Philosophy Of Religion, God God Since the time of Epicurus to the present, many people have had certain beliefs in myths and in the Gods. Epicurus presents his philosophy pertaining to these convictions. In his reasoning, he derives a definition of mythology and of the Gods contradicting to much of popular thought. Many people depend on mythology when they need an explanation for a phenomenon. Epicurus rationalizes that mythology is unchangeable and dogmatic, for ?when one accepts one theory and rejects another which is equally consistent with the phenomenon in question, it is clear that one has thereby blundered out of any sort of proper physics and falled into mythology? (3.87; pg. 20). Epicurus believes that the cyclical periods of the heavenly bodies cause much of the unexplained meteorological phenomena. Nevertheless, further knowledge of a natural phenomenon will not alter the minds of those who believe in mythology because they already have an answer to their curiosity. They base their beliefs on theories which have no true or logical facts. These people are those who possess an ?inappropriate and lunatic behavior? (3.113; pg. 27). Mythology leads to a necessity for Gods. People look to the Gods as a justification for a phenomenon. For example, if we were to be confused by what thunder is and what brings about thunder, we would conceive a God to explain the appearance of thunder. With the rising amount of too many unexplainable occurrences, people needed to derive more than one God to expand the responsibilities among each God. Epicurus does not disagree with the concept of a God; he concludes that they exist. His conformation lies in what he calls a prolepsis, which is the basic grasp of a notion of the Gods. This basic knowledge is not one which is taught, but is rather an innate sense in the minds of all people. Every race and culture has a God and this God was formed without any conventions, dictations or laws. Epicurus? logic is that ?what all men agree about must necessarily be true? (16.44; pg. 51). Since the concurrence of all men believe in Gods, there must really be a God. Epicurus? rationale gives God the form of a human being. The same prolepsis that accounts for the occurrence of Gods also justifies that Gods are blessed and indestructible. God is to have the form of one which is blessed and eternal and so it should have the most admirable or beautiful form of existence. Throughout all of creation, humans have the best extremities, arrangement of features, shape and altogether appearance. The ?human shape is superior to the form of all living things, and a god is a living thing, then certainly he has the shape which is most beautiful of all? (16.48; pg. 52); this shape being the shape of humankind. Therefore, God should take on the appearance of a human being. The popular belief in Gods are ?that they have wishes and undertake actions and exert causality in a manner inconsistent with those attributes? (2.80; pg. 18). We possess a fear of the Gods because they are able to affect how we live, how we die and what happens after we die. This fear is concurrent with our belief of fate, or heimarmene, and ?that whatever happens has flowed from an eternal set of truths and a continuous chain of causes.? (16.55; pg. 54) The Gods know of everything that we do and so we must fear them in fear of the consequences that might occur. A God becomes an ?eternal master whom we are to fear by day and by night; for who would not fear an inquisitive and busy god who foresees everything, and supposes that everything is his own business (16.54; pg. 54) The ideas and logical reasoning of Epicurus contradicts these beliefs. Epicurus believes that the Gods are not concerned with human affairs; ?for if a blessed and indestructible animal, overflowing with good things and free of any share of what is bad, is completely preoccupied with the continuance of his own happiness and indestructibility and so is not concerned with human affairs.? (108; pg. 97) The Gods have no responsibilities concerning people or any meteorological phenomena for they would cause ?troubles

Discovery of the Higgs Field Behind the God Particle

Discovery of the Higgs Field Behind the God Particle The Higgs field is the theoretical field of energy that permeates the universe, according to the theory put forth in 1964 by Scottish theoretical physicist Peter Higgs. Higgs suggested the field as a possible explanation for how the fundamental particles of the universe came to have mass, because in the 1960s the Standard Model of quantum physics actually couldnt explain the reason for mass itself. He proposed that this field existed throughout all of space and that particles gained their mass by interacting with it. Discovery of the Higgs Field Though there was initially no experimental confirmation for the theory, over time it came to be seen as the only explanation for mass that was widely viewed as consistent with the rest of the Standard Model. As strange as it seemed, the Higgs mechanism (as the Higgs field was sometimes called) was generally accepted widely among physicists, along with the rest of the Standard Model. One consequence of the theory was that the Higgs field could manifest as a particle, much in the way that other fields in quantum physics manifest as particles. This particle is called the Higgs boson. Detecting the Higgs boson became a major goal of experimental physics, but the problem is that the theory didnt actually predict the mass of the Higgs boson. If you caused particle collisions in a particle accelerator with enough energy, the Higgs boson should manifest, but without knowing the mass that they were looking for, physicists werent sure how much energy would need to go into the collisions. One of the driving hopes was that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) would have sufficient energy to generate Higgs bosons experimentally since it was more powerful than any other particle accelerators that had been built before. On July 4, 2012, physicists from the LHC announced that they found experimental results consistent with the Higgs boson, though further observations are needed to confirm this and to determine the various physical properties of the Higgs boson. The evidence in support of this has grown, to the extent that the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Peter Higgs and Francois Englert. As physicists determine the properties of the Higgs boson, it will help them more fully understand the physical properties of the Higgs field itself. Brian Greene on the Higgs Field One of the best explanations of the Higgs field is this one from Brian Greene, presented on the July 9 episode of PBS Charlie Rose Show, when he appeared on the program with experimental physicist Michael Tufts to discuss the announced discovery of the Higgs boson: Mass is the resistance an object offers to having its speed changed. You take a baseball. When you throw it, your arm feels resistance. A shotput, you feel that resistance. The same way for particles. Where does the resistance come from? And the theory was put forward that perhaps space was filled with an invisible stuff, an invisible molasses-like stuff, and when the particles try to move through the molasses, they feel a resistance, a stickiness. Its that stickiness which is where their mass comes from. ... That creates the mass.... ... its an elusive invisible stuff. You dont see it. You have to find some way to access it. And the proposal, which now seems to bear fruit, is if you slam protons together, other particles, at very, very high speeds, which is what happens at the Large Hadron Collider... you slam the particles together at very high speeds, you can sometimes jiggle the molasses and sometimes flick out a little speck of the molasses, which would be a Higgs particle. So people have looked for that little speck of a particle and now it looks like its been found. The Future of the Higgs Field If the results from the LHC pan out, then as we determine the nature of the Higgs field, well get a more complete picture of how quantum physics manifests in our universe. Specifically, well gain a better understanding of mass, which may, in turn, give us a better understanding of gravity. Currently, the Standard Model of quantum physics does not account for gravity (though it fully explains the other ​fundamental forces of physics). This experimental guidance may help theoretical physicists hone in on a theory of quantum gravity that applies to our universe. It may even help physicists understand the mysterious matter in our universe, called dark matter, that cannot be observed except through gravitational influence. Or, potentially, a greater understanding of the Higgs field may provide some insights into the repulsive gravity demonstrated by the dark energy that seems to permeate our observable universe.

BT Global Challenge as a case study (Chapter 1) Essay

BT Global Challenge as a case study (Chapter 1) - Essay Example It shows the ingredients needed to have a group of very different people put together to perform a task and successful manage it. The BT Challenge comprises of twelve teams, each having a set number of core members, skipper, leggers and support staff. The fifteen core members in each team are people from varying backgrounds, nationalities, ages and levels of experience. As discussed previously, the idea of the Challenge is to have a group of novices with very little or no sailing knowledge to take on this challenging assignment of driving a yacht across the world. This idea was initiated by Sir Chay Blyth who suggested that many everyday people thrive for a certain kind of adventurism and challenge which they can rarely find in everyday lives. This adventure was purported to be provided by the BT Global Challenge. Despite opposition to it, Sir Chay’s idea was immensely successful and attracted applications from all over the world. What now needed to be done was to take the model of the first challenge and streamline it so that a better route, scoring system and technologically efficient process could be engineered and accommodate all the new participants and sponsors. Training and education of the participants was also necessary before they could embark on the journey. The organizing committee was able to do just that and created a challenging program, detailing everything from the ports to support staff allotment, food requirements to team training. They recruited proficient skippers who were to take on the leadership role for the teams and steer the challenge to completion. Researching the BT Global Challenge is insightful and interesting as it provides access to information about how an untrained individual can be brought to achieve even almost impossible tasks. For example, the skippers understood the importance of getting together their team members as soon as possible so they could learn to work and live together. This shows